Romeo and Juliet Tragedy

Tragedy, a dramatic compostion, dealing with a serious and somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of charachter or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate, or society, to downfall or destructon. The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is about two young teenagers, Romeo Monatague, and Juliet Capulet who fall deeply in love and are forced to keep their love a secreat in order to prevent the dissapointment of there feuding familes. Romeo and Juliets fate, immature acts, and secrets soon lead up to Romeo and Juliets downfall. Fate is a power that predetemines events and controls destiny. In the story, William Shakesphere is controlling Romeo and Juliet, which brings fate at fault of the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. It was fate that brought Romeo and Juliet together, and made their family’s rivalrys. It is also what brought them to their downfall. If Romeo and Juliet had never met at the party, Friar Lawrence had never married them, and Juliets father wasnt forceing her to marry Paris, none of this would have happened. Fate in this story is unavoidable. Frair Lawerence played a huge role in Romeo and Juliet’s deaths. A Friar is looked up to and held responsible alot more. The Frair should have known better then to marry two young teenagers, just to end the families feud. The plan the Friar had to keep Romeo and Juliet together was insufficiently thought out which ultimatly was a major part in the tragedy. Even though Friar Lawerence knows that both the Monatague’s and Capulet’s wont be very happy with his descion to marry them, he still continues to do so. If Frair Lawrence wasnt stupid enough to keep the secreat, none of this would have happened. Juliet would have never dranken the potion, and therefore neither would have Romeo. Romeo’s immature ways also led to the tragedy. Romeo first met Juliet because he needed someone to get over Rosaline, his ex girlfriend. When they first laid eyes on eachother, they supposbly fell in love. Yes, they say it was â€Å"magical,† but it was also dumb. If Romeo wasnt to quick to get married, Juliet would not have as much feelings for Romeo as she did when they were married. Therefore Juliet probley wouldnt have gone through as much as she did to be with Romeo. Romeo made it much more complicated then it had to be by fighting and killing Juliets cousin Tybalt.

Philosophy Exam Questions Essay

  1.what is soft determinism? Soft determinism( compatibilism) is the doctrine that determined actions can nevertheless be free.   2. What is traditional compatibilism? Traditional compatibilism is the doctrine that free actions are caused by one’s will and not externally constrained. 3. What is stace’s explanation of how all our actions have causes ,yet some actions are free?   His explanation is those acts that are directly cause by the internal psychological states of the agent are free. we can be held responsible only for the acts we perform freely. 4. What is Taylor’s ingenious physiologist thought experiment?What is Taylor’s drug addiction thought experiment?how do these two experiments undermine traditional compatibilism?   Taylor’s ingenious physiologist thought experiment is about a man who is hooked up to wires and controlled by various button, sort of like Frankenstein. Taylor’s drug addiction thought experiment is about being addicted to drugs simply by being given the drugs over a course of time. These two experiments undermine traditional compatibilism because in the ingenious physiologist experiment both of the conditions of traditional compatibilism are met but the person being controlled actions aren’t free because his desires are not his own. They come from the physiologist, not from himself.in Taylor’s drug addiction experiment undermines traditional compatibilism because if your will is under your control your actions aren’t free. 5. What is frankfurt’s decision inducer thought experiment? How does it attempt to undermine the traditional notion of responsibility?   Frankfurt’s decision induce thought experiment describes a situation in which jones can’t do otherwise because black won’t let him.but if jones does what black wants him to do without blacks intervening, then jones is responsible for what he does even though he couldn’t have done otherwise.   6. What is hierarchical compatilism? Hierarchical compatibilism is the doctrine that free actions are caused  by second- order volitions that one decisively identifies with. 7. What is slote’s hypnotized patient thought experiment? How does it attempt to undermine hierarchical compatibilism? >> Slote’s hypnotized patient thought experiment is about a man who is undecided between x any y so he visits a hypnotist who induced him into deciding in favor of x. It attempts to undermine hierarchical compatibilism 3.3 1. What is the libertarian argument? The libertarian argument is our free actions are under our control because they are caused by our selves. Your desires must be your own. 2. What premise of this argument is accepted by both libertarians and hard determinists? 3. What is event causation? Event causation is causation that occurs when one event causes another. 4. What is agent causation? Agent causation is causation that occurs when an agent (self, person) causes an event.   5. some people claim that our experience does not provide evidence that we sometimes act freely.what is their argument?what is the libertarian reply to this argument?

A Comparison and Contrast Essay about Psychosis vs Neurosis

Brain disorders are commonly misunderstood due to the actions of the person living with it. Knowledge about brain disorders or mental illness should lessen the misunderstanding of the disorder, and increase the support for the people suffering with the disorder. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a mental disorder is a mental or behavioural pattern or anomaly that causes distress or disability, and which is not developmentally or socially normative. Mental disorders are generally defined by how a person feel, acts, thinks or perceives. I will be discussing two mental disorders in which, they are often misunderstood as the same. This essay is about Psychosis vs. Neurosis. Both mental disorders cause the person suffering from it some distress and their behaviour is not socially acceptable. Both disorders are mostly diagnosed based on the harm they caused. When these disorders become severe, it is difficult for people with these mental disorders or illness to carry out daily activities and do some social interaction. Psychosis however is a mental condition which is referred to as â€Å"a loss of contact with reality. † People suffering from this type of mental illness are called Psychotic. The symptoms of people with psychosis are suffering from hallucinations, delusions, catatonia or thought disorder. The psychosis of a person is usually triggered by a history of a traumatic event, and stress. Stress triggers a short-lived psychosis called brief reactive psychosis and people suffering from this usually recovers to their normal state within two weeks. In some cases, a full-blown psychosis could last a long time, and maybe have attenuated psychotic symptom (such as low intensity hallucinations) present at most times. Brief hallucinations are triggered by falling asleep and then waking, bereavement (hallucinations of a dead loved one) severe sleep deprivation, caffeine intoxication, and an extremely stressful event. There are also subtypes of psychosis. These are menstrual psychosis (in rhythm with menstrual cycle), postpartum psychosis (which happens after childbirth), monothematic delusions, occupational psychosis, stimulant psychosis and shared psychosis. Neurosis, on the other hand, is a mental disorder involving distress, but people who are neurotic are not suffering from hallucinations or delusions. Signs of people suffering from neurosis have anxiety, sadness or depression, anger, irritability , mental confusion, and low sense of self-worth. There are also behavioural symptoms such as phobic avoidance, vigilance, impulsive and compulsive acts. There are cognitive problems such as obsession, disturbing thoughts, habitual fantasizing, negativity, cynicism, etc. There are many forms of neurosis. These are: obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety neurosis, personality disorders, hysteria, and an endless variety of phobias. Neurosis is simply defined as a â€Å"poor ability to adapt to one’s environment, an inability to change one’s life patterns, and the inability to develop a richer, more complex, more satisfying personality. † According to Carl Jung, â€Å"people became neurotic when they content themselves with inadequate or wrong answers to the questions of life. † He said that the unconscious finds expression primarily through an individual’s inferior psychological function, whether it is feeling, thinking, sensing, or intuition. For me, psychosis and neurosis are very different yet similar. The behaviour of psychotic and neurotic people are both not accepted or understood by the society. People with less knowledge about these illnesses often has a negative perception on people suffering with psychosis and neurosis.

Hanes Brand Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hanes Brand Analysis - Case Study Example This text shall examine Hanes brand and strategies to make it effective and completive it is in its market. Several instruments and brand analysis such as the SWOT analysis (Fine, 2009) and the Porters five forces analysis shall be used to give guidelines and possible suggestions on possible strategies to be employed a. Description of industry and market segment The clothes and apparel industry in which the company deals with has good growth prospects both in the United States and in international markets (Textile international outlook). It is critical to examine the greater industry trends in general and then narrow down to the market segment of the company’s focus. The company is in the clothing and fashion industry which is a very sensitive industry and fast changing. Branding is also a key critical success factor for any company or individual in that particular industry. The company’s focus is in a small fraction of the fashion industry dealing mainly with innerwear and a bit of outerwear. The innerwear and hosiery markets have grown substantially with increase in brand names from the traditional big names. There has also been an increase in designs and innovations in this industry. The leading trends are the use of new and innovative fabrics and designs with major firms investing heavily in developing new materials and designs. The markets are dominated by large wholesale producers and distributors and very few small scale industry players. There has been growth in this market by middleclass and upper-class individuals who have more spending power with the relative stabilization of the global economic outlook. Globally the underwear markets for the year 2010 grew by 11% in the US according to the global underwear report of 2010 (Global Underwear Market Report 2010, 2010) b. Market Dynamics Important elements of this market that need to be noted that it has been established by the global underwear market report that the market in the United Ki ngdom was worth a massive 2.57 billion British pound. The apparel market segment like the larger fashion industry is very volatile and changes very rapidly. However it could be noted that there is a predominant brand loyalty by many of the customers of this markets. Since this is an industry in which large volumes have to be distributed it require proper distribution channels and companies such as Hanes brands need to seek more local marketing strategies to achieve substantial sales increase. The apparel industry is quite easy to start and thus provide quite a challenge of completion and is a real threat. For Hanes brands competitors comes mainly from other established brands. Completion may also arise from mergers of several competitors to create larger firms that can extent more massive branding campaigns. The future of the industry seems bright according to surveys due to the increase in economic stability as predicted in world economic outlook by the IMF (international monetary fund) and this in turn increases the spending power of individual and hence more demand for luxury items such as branded apparels and underwear. The increase in brand awareness and development of more designs in the industry has greatly increased the prospects for the industry. Many areas and opportunities have been developed in the recent past in terms of specialization. However with globalization and entry of the

Sports Club Entity Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sports Club Entity Model - Essay Example The various functionalities would include scalability of various operations, ease of performing updations and modifications of data, maintaining the integrity of data, security of data is ensured, efficient recovery manager, maintains concurrency control and plan for recovery techniques and many more. All this would promote the functioning of the airline reservation system. Choosing a database model is of greater importance. The relational data model is based on relational data structures, integrity constraints and smooth access to Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language statement for creation and retrieval of data. It is based on relational algebra (Navathe, 2004). The database for family budgeting system would include features like atomic values, primary and foreign key relationships, and normalization process to reduce redundancy and anomalies of insertion, modification and deletion errors, row and column structure of the database tables and all kind of relationshi ps are possible, one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one and many-to-many. Â  Data warehousing is a concept that is used for storing organization’s data and is usually termed as corporate memory. It contains the raw material for an enterprise’s MIS or DSS system. The analyst can perform complex queries which would be used for getting results and further interpretation of the data and the resultant information (William, 2000). The subject-oriented feature of the data warehousing takes into account the various elements that take place in the real world. It is non-volatile and integrated with respect to the data that they are never deleted and contains all the information with regard to business processing by the enterprise for all its operations. Â  

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Final exam - Essay Example All the models also aim at the value of national health policy to [provision of guidelines and direction for national health issues. Beveridge model emphasizes on the responsibility f the government in ownership and operation of healthcare. It also emphasizes that healthcare is a human right and should not be considered a privilege. The system encourages full access to healthcare despite the ability to pay for the services. The American model entails both the models as all the characters are observed in all the two models. The government is in charge of the healthcare similar to encouragement of private healthcare facilities. The reforms are those that are aimed at improving the healthcare that are given in the country. the reform has entailed bringing about new rights, benefits and protection that has included the that most healthcare that are on the grandparents covers preventive services that are from at least ten categories of essential health benefits. There are countries that have tried to implement the strategy and the type of system into their countries such that there is increased provision of health care to those in the country. A country such as Germany has been able to have the policy of a minimum amount of services in the country and free preventive services in its system. This is similar to the reforms that are stated in Obama care reforms. The first state of the reforms was that which was focused on United States and Europe and it mainly entailed forming the basics for compulsory governmental-run or voluntary subsidized programs on healthcare. This was in the 1900s to the 1920s. From the time, there have been initiations that focused on the campaign on by elites more concerned with caring against attacks from awareness groups than with current deployment, and common improvers in the labor, civil rights, activist, and also from AIDS activist activities have focused more on instant and incremental changes than on changing the health care

International Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Business Environment - Essay Example India is one of the largest markets in the world in terms of its size and with the growing GDP, the spending propensity too will increase within the next decade. Although there is a certain degree of political and business risks involved in Indian investments, these do not surpass that of any other developing nation. In terms of its tourism industry, the local market is equally important as the foreign tourist inflows and the industry competitiveness is currently placed in average scale though forecasted for high growth during next decade. India has changed its stance from a closed economy to a open economy with much success with a short span of time and its ranking in global trade and FDI is very promising. Many new initiatives and policy measures have been recently introduced to promote international trade and tourism industry in particular as well as creating favourable FDI climate. However the country is still saddled with bureaucratic red tape and administrative restrictions. Me mbership in WTO and being party to many regional integration agreements place India in a reliable perspective in the eyes of potential investors. The country is also extending a high regard for intellectual property rights and has already implemented WTO’s TRIPS agreement. Closely managed Indian monetary system is one of the key deterrence and hindrances faced by many international investors and the close scrutiny of profit repatriation needs to be noted.

Enrichment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enrichment - Research Paper Example It challenged America’s notion of an immigrant nation. It reflected the racist views of the time when European visitors, the whites, were welcomed through Ellis Island but the non-whites coming through the Angel Island in the Pacific coast who were seen as criminals and delinquents who had to be deported or detained. The Angel Island station was operational for thirty years from 1910 -1930 within which time it came to be known as a detention facility and sought to exclude the Chinese after the passing of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act. The number of people coming in through Ellis Island was far greater than those entering through Angel Island. In the present day both Angel Island and Ellis Island immigration stations have undergone preservation and restoration. Ellis Island is being projected as a symbol of America’s immigration tradition and hospitality which has a strong support group for its restoration. The Ellis Island Immigration Museum opened in 1990 and till today evokes a sense of hope. Angel Island on the other hand does not have a strong support group as many people do not know about it and it stands as a symbol of America’s racist past. After a closure of four years it was opened to public on 15th February 2009 and serves to remind them of the pain and agony undergone by the people who migrated

Art In the Late Antiquity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art In the Late Antiquity - Essay Example The late antiquity period affected the artwork politically and economically making major transformations within the continent. The late antiquity period bridged between the Roman art, Byzantine art and the medieval art. The antique art did not dwell on the beauty and the body moments but largely dealt with the spiritual reality events. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the paintings and sculptures were no longer, the most favoured artwork but were replaced by the mosaics, relief sculptures and the architecture. The architecture and the sculpture gradually changed the face of Europe through making new buildings, archaeological sites and sculptures that are adored by many individuals even in the modern world. For example, the Monalisa painting that was painted by the great artist Leonardo Da Vinci has proven to be one of the most treasured artwork. The painting has been a major contributor of the economy (Newby, 94). The European art has been arranged over the centuries in re lation to the different styles and patterns of art available in different centuries. The art has been influenced by the political ideologies in the continent, different views of politics according to the artist and the public. The late antiquity period led to political transformations and affected the economy of the state. The Roman Empire citizens during the prehistoric period had pressure of high taxation and the cost of presenting their artwork in terms of entertainment proved to be high (Newby, 104). These problems caused by the selfish leaders affected most of the artist work by discouraging potential artists since they were unable to pay up taxes and still improve their life styles. The artwork being a major contributor to the economy in turn affected the economy of the state. The economic activity of the Europeans during the late antiquity era was artwork. The general population decrease, technological knowhow and the standards of living in the prehistoric Europe was an examp le of the societal collapse for most of the artists living during this era. This led to the fall of the Western Empire, which made the late antiquity period be referred to as the â€Å"Dark ages†. The population decrease meant the reduction of the market for the artwork. The reduction of the European population hindered most of the dreams in the artist. For example, population decreases were largely caused by the split of the Roman Empire during the reign of ruler Diocletian (Newby, 154). He introduced the custom of splitting the Roman Empire in to the Eastern and the western Empire. The East possessed better and great flourishing capital and development potential this made it more economically and politically successful (Newby, 155). The mode of the ruling in the European, which at first was the democracy mode of ruling where individuals ruled themselves. This mode of ruling continued until Rome became a republic. Rome people had the responsibility choose their kings. These kings had the obligation of making the rules and laws that protected the rights and the properties of Rome people. These laws protected the artist work from the brokers, which was the major contributor to the European economy during the late antiquity period and the middle age era. The strained economies of the Roman due to the over expansion prevented the growth of cities. The upper classes in the society were the only privileged

Big Cities or Small Towns Essay Example for Free

Big Cities or Small Towns Essay People try to live in cities because all necessary objects are situated nearly. In big cities you can find museums, theaters, clubs, cinemas, big shops and hospitals, comfortable modern flats. In big cities you can find all kinds of entertainment. Many people like to spend their free time there because it helps them to relax and bring them a lot of pleasure. It is really comfortable that everything you need is situated near you. One of the most important comforts of big cites is that you can quickly get everywhere by underground, bus, trolleybus. Also in big cities there is electricity so you can use electrical devices such as TV sets, computers, microwave oven and so on. One more thing, without our life is impossible is the telephone and Internet. The communication plays a big role in our life and we got used to it. Without it we feel uncomfortable and lonely. Yes, it is really comfortable, but nowadays in big cities there are a many cars and factories. Big cites suffer of polluted air. The streets became noisy. What about living in the small city. First of all, you are closer to nature and can enjoy more peace and quiet life. Life in the small city is slower and people are more open and friendly. The advantage is that there is less traffic, and it is safer place for children. There are several disadvantages of living in a small town. First of all, there are less job opportunities for people in small towns. Many people in small towns move to large cities and look for jobs. There are not many places such as restaurants and museums, there are only a few shops and markets in small towns. So, people dont have wide choice when they want to buy new things. Also it is hard to keep your personal life private in small towns. Everyone wants to know about you and your family.

Principles of Marketing: Bentley Motors

Principles of Marketing: Bentley Motors Marketing strategy with details of the 4 P’s with justification (Bentley Motors): Bentley Motors limited is a British luxury automaker and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen AG. Designing, engineering, manufacturing and distribution of luxury motors are the major activities of Bentley Motors. Bentley Motors was established in the year 1919 by W. O. Bentley. This company was founded in Cricklewood near London. Rolls-Royce Motors had acquired this company in the year 1931 and in the year 1998 this company had purchased by Volkswagen AG. Since then this company has been the wholly owned subsidiary of Volkswagen AG (Stephanie, 2013). The marketing strategy of Bentley Motors had been so formulated that the company sells the models of the automobiles through the franchised dealer all over the world. This company had been producing the motors which are considered to be the luxury motors in the global market. The strategic management of the company makes the company to successfully market the models of the cars all over the world. The marketing strategy of Bentley with the 4Ps is as follow; Products: The luxury automobiles of the company satisfy the needs of the customers. The cars models of 4.5 liters became much popular as the vehicle of choice of the population. The luxury cars of this company are designed as per the needs and the demands of the customers. The racing cars designed by this company are also much popular. The Bentley Continental fastback coupe was designed by this company to cater the domestic demands. These models were manufactured with the compilation of many important standardized components. Standard steel saloon, continental models, S-Series, T-series models are some of the well known and popular models of the company (Georges, 2014). Place: The company sells the cars models through the franchised dealers all over the world. China has been a very good market for this company’s cars. The company tries to enter into many emerging markets scattered across the world. After Rolls Royce had purchased Bentley Motors, the later could compete with other competitive and expensive car producing companies in the international market. Price: The cars of this company are of high quality and thus the prices are higher compared to regular use cars. The company focuses on the satisfaction of the customers and tries to cater best quality racing cars and luxury cars. The company could not compromise with the quality and standard of the motors. The high end cars are designed and engineered with the use of technology. The company targets rich section of the society those who consider the quality of the cars with their prices. Promotion: The company implements ethical marketing strategies compromising of effective marketing tools to market the cars in the international market. Proper advertisements, campaigns, promotional schemes and other promotional schemes are practiced to make the product well known to the customers of the world. The logo of the company is a symbol of status and prestige for the customers (milesperhr, 2012). Briefly discuss about the Integrated Marketing Communion (IMC) to become more competitive: Integrated Marketing Communication or IMC is the tool to understand the marketing communication strategies in the light of innovation and innovative strategies. IMC helps to formulate such strategies which could solve different types of the business issues through the collaboration with the international companies and the rivals in the market. The IMC strategies help the companies to become more competitive in the market and to make them cost effective in the competitive world. The companies could implement the IMC strategies in both the conventional and non conventional marketing media. The companies could implement these strategies in making the promotional methods to make them more effective and efficient towards successful achievement of the organizational goals. There had been several changes in the modes of communicating with the customers. These continuous changes have been possible because of the consistent conduction of the research and development in the field of marketing strategies (bentleymotors, 2014). There had been various positive shifts from the conventional marketing strategies to interactive marketing, from Mass Media to some kinds of Specialized Media, from Low Accountability in marketing to high Accountability in marketing spend, from limited connectivity to persuasive connectedness. These shifts had made the Integrated Marketing Communication so much effective to make the goal of customer orientation possible by the companies. The various components of IMC which are implemented in the marketing strategies of different companies are the following: Organizational culture The mission, vision, goal and objectives together build the organizational culture. Four Cs in Marketing Mix- Consumer, Cost, Convenience, Communication The most important components of the marketing strategies are described here. The consumers are the target segment; cost and convenience decide the price of the products and the distribution channels to be formulated. Finally the communication is the important tool of intimating the customers about the products. Advertising: The advertising includes various media like broadcasting, commercial ads, outdoor advertising, online advertisement which is also gaining much popularity now a days. The companies can put advertisements in different auction sites, social networking sites and classified ads are also there in the newsletters etc. Direct marketing: Another important tool of communicating is direct marketing where the customers could be interacted directly through different channels like direct mails, telemarketing, shopping channels, internet sites, websites, mobile messages, outdoor advertising etc. The seller could come into direct connection with the buyers through direct marketing (Panerai, 2015). E-Commerce: E-Commerce includes Search engine optimization, Mobile marketing, content marketing, social media like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc. The components of E-Commerce are making the marketing more effective and useful. Public Relations: The companies could interact with the target segment through creating an effective public relation strategy. The companies could communicate through special events, interviews, conferences, charity involvement etc. Promotions: There are various promotional tools which are to be implemented by the companies. The promotional schemes include contests, coupons. Product samples, prizes etc (milesperhr, 2012). Corporate volunteering: Now a day the companies are getting engaged in donations, volunteering and many other charitable actions. References: bentleymotors. (2014, August 28). Bentley Looks to the Future with new Skills Programme. Retrieved from bentleymotors: http://www.bentleymotors.com/en/world-of-bentley/our-story/news/2014/bentley-new-skills-programme.html Georges, C. (2014, September 09). In Conversation With Christophe Georges, President CEO, Bentley Motors Inc. Retrieved from luxurysociety: http://luxurysociety.com/articles/2014/09/in-conversation-with-christophe-georges-president-ceo-bentley-motors-inc milesperhr. (2012, March 01). Bentley Motors Campaign Plan. Retrieved from milesperhr: http://www.milesperhr.com/tag/bentley-marketing/ Panerai, F. (2015, February 18). Bentley motors. Retrieved from slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/FiammaPanerai/bentley-motors-art Stephanie, A. (2013, October 02). Bentley company case. Retrieved from slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/aguness/bentley-company-case

Effect Of Temp On Endo And Ectotherms (metabolism) :: essays research papers

Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced, while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium (Grolier1996). In the combustion of food, oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is given off. The rate of oxygen consumption indicates the energy expenditure of an organism, or its metabolic rate (Grolier1996).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Metabolic rate is directly linked to the core temperature in an animal. An ectotherm, or cold blooded animal, warms its body mainly by absorbing heat from its surroundings. The amount of heat it derives from its metabolism is negligible. In contrast, endotherms derive most or all of its body heat from its own metabolism (Campbells,p899). Because ectotherms do not produce their own heat, they cannot actively ensure their ideal temperature for an ideal metabolic rate (aquacult.htp).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the following experiment, we will attempt to examine the relationship between metabolic rate and environmental temperature in both an ectoderm and an endotherm. I predict that for the ectotherm, the metabolic rate will increase as the outside environment temperature will increase. I also predict that the metabolic rate in the endotherm will remain relatively the same as the outside environment temperature changes. I also make the prediction that the ectotherm will have much lower metabolic rates than the endotherm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The procedures for this experiment are those that are referred to in Duncan and Townsend, 1996 p9-7. In our experiment however, each student group chose a temperature of either 5 C, 10 C, 15 C, or 20 C. Each group selected a crayfish, and placed it in an erlenmeyer flask filled with distilled water. The flask’s O2 levels had already been measured. the flask was then placed in a water bath of the selected temperature for thirty minutes, and then the O2 levels were measured again. Each group shared their findings with the class. The metabolic rates of the mouse were conducted by the instructor and distributed. We also did not use the Winkler method to measure the O2 levels. We used a measuring device instead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The results of this experiment are shown in the compiled student data in Table 1 below.

Death Essay -- essays research papers

Death is the termination of lie and its related clinical signs and has been defined in several ways. Death has various stages, signs, and actors affect it that has physiological and ethical responses. It is the nurse’s responsibility to facilitate coping to the dying and the family members, friends and significant other of that person dying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death is defined in various ways such as Heart-Lung Death, Whole Brain Death and Higher Brain Death. Taylor, Lillis in her book states that Heart-Lung Death is : â€Å"The irreversible cessation of spontaneous respiration and circulation†, this definition emerged from the historical idea that the flow o body fluids was essential or lie. Whole Brain Death is defined as â€Å"The irreversible cessation o all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem†. Higher Brain Death is defined as â€Å"The irreversible loss of all ‘higher’ brain functions, of cognitive function and emerged from the belief that the brain is more important than the spinal cord and critical functions are the individuals personality, conscious life, uniqueness, capacity, judging, reasoning, acting, enjoying, and worrying†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The clinical signs of impending or approaching death includes the following: inability to swallow; pitting edema; decreased gastrointestinal and urinary tract activity; bowel and bladder incontinence; loss of motion, sensation, and reflexes; elevated temperature but cold or clammy skin; cyanosis; lowered blood pressure; and noisy or irregular respiration. The client may or may not loss consciousness. The indicators o imminent death is outlined by authors Black, Hawks and Keene states that, â€Å"Certain physical, cognitive, and behavioural changes occurs as a person enters the active dying process. The human body, like any other living organism, seeks survival; in doing so, it oten alters normal physiology. As the body begins to dieblood is commonly shunted to the brain and the heart, the two most common important organs. Thus, peripheral circulation is limited, leading to mottling of cyanosis. Because the kidneys are no longer perfused adequately, there is a dec rease in urine output. Slowly, all body systems become involved in the dying process. Tachycardia and diminished dodo pressure are observed in acute phase of decompensation of the cardiovascular system. The respiratory system... ... The middle-aged often become preoccupied with death as age approaches whereas older adults ear lingering, incapacitating illness and realizes the imminence e death. While the individual is suffering the primary loss, the family and/or significant other must deal with not only the individual reactions, but also with the current loss. The family con provide a support system for the way in which the individual may deal with the loss. They mutually share feelings and openly communicate both negative and positive emotions related to death. In contrast the family in some way is responsible for the death and may thus eel guilty. They may express feeling of anger, shame, overprotection, withdrawal, and identify with the loss or they may feel helpless or hopeless. In assessing the family reaction the nurse should identify the prior interaction style of the system†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although socio-economic status does not influence the degree of emotion experienced, the support system available to channel the emotions is affected. Financial resources – including insurance policies, pensions and saving may provide the dying individual with more options to deal with the death.

Teachers Education Essay -- Educating Teachers Teaching Technology Es

Teachers' Education Not only do the rapid growth of technology changed the way we live, from the way business is conducted to the way we communicate with each other, technology advancements are also affecting the way we teach and learn. According to the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), new skills needed in the workplace are catalysts that spur technology use in the classroom. It is clear that the business world demand schools to prepare educated workers who are skilled at working in teams, can effectively solve problems, are able to process and apply information, and who can use technology effectively in the global market place in order to maximize productivity. Thus, the challenges and educational goals for schools should focus on creating appropriate learning environments that integrate technology as well as foster the needed skills to empower students. This paper describes the characteristics of teacher-centered classrooms and student-centered learning environment. In addition, this paper will explain the significance of teacher education for the effective implementation of technology as well as student-centered learning environment in K-12 classrooms. In the traditional teacher-centered classroom, teachers are expected to be the subject matter experts. They present the information in textbooks and when students asked questions, it is the job of the teacher to guide the students to think in such a way that they arrive at ‘correct’ answers (Carter, 1997). Students are also expected to learn factual-based knowledge and assessment is often based on the information they delivered from their rote skills. In the 21st century classroom, the role of teachers is to facilitate learning by coordinat... ...e: Developing technology goals for a college of education. Journal of Teacher Education, 47(4), 300-306. International Society for Technology in Education (1997). National educational technology standards. Retrieved June 19, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.iste.org/Resources/Projects/TechStaamdards/NETS/ Malone, M. N. (1998). Make them believers. Technology & Learning, 18(7), 44-45. National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (1997). Technology and the new professional teacher: Preparing for the 21st century classroom report. Retrieved May 26, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.ncate.prg/projects/tech/TECH.HTM Norman, K. (1997). Teaching in the switched on classroom: An introduction to electronic education and hypercourseware. Retrieved September 28, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.lap.umd.edu/SOC/sochome.html

Maggi Brand Consumer Behaviour Research Essay

Well the history of this brand traces back to the 19th century when industrial revolution in Switzerland created factory jobs for women, who were therefore left with very little time to prepare meals. Due to this growing problem Swiss Public Welfare Society asked a miller named Julius Maggi to create a vegetable food product that would be quick to prepare and easy to digest. Julius, the son of an Italian immigrant came up with a formula to bring added taste to meals in 1863. Soon after he was commissioned by the Swiss Public Welfare Society, he came up with two instant pea soups & a bean soup- the first launch of Maggi brand of instant foods in 1882-83. Towards the end of the century, Maggi company was producing not just powdered soups, but bouillon cubes, sauces and other flavorings. However in India(the largest consumer of Maggi noodles in the world! ) it was launched in 1980’s by Nestle group of companies. Maggie had merged with Nestle(This company too has a very interesting history which I will discuss in some other review! ) family in 1947. When launched it had to face a stiff competition from the ready to eat snack segments like biscuits, wafers etc. Also it had other competitor the so called ’home made’ snacks which are till today considered healthy and hygienic. Hence to capture the market it was positioned as a hygienic home made snack, a smart move. But still this didn’t work, as it was targeted towards the wrong target group, the working women. Although the product was developed for this particular purpose. After conducting an extensive research, the firm found that the children were the biggest consumers of Maggi noodles. Quickly a strategy was developed to capture the kids segment with various tools of sales promotion like pencils, fun books, maggi clubs which worked wonders for it. No doubt the ads of maggi have shown a hungry kid saying ’’Mummy bhookh lagi hai’’ to which his mom replies ’’Bas do minute! ’’ and soon he is happily eating Maggie noodles. The company could have easily positioned the product as a meal, but did not, as a study had shown that Indian mentality did not accept anything other than rice or roti as meal. They made it a easy to cook snack that could be prepared in just two minutes. The formula clicked well & maggi became a brand name. That’s precisely what is required in making a product a brand The brand has grown to an estimated 200 crore & contributes to around 10% of Nestle India’s top line. So next time when you are eating this noodles just remember these facts that have gone on to make Maggi a brand. In the early 1980s India was opening up to the world after three and a half decades of self-existence. Till then, the concept of â€Å"fast food† was practically non-existent. Nestle had already been pipped to the post by Cadbury in the milk chocolate segment and it desperately wanted to create a niche for itself in the high potential Indian market. It was then that it realized that it could be a first-mover in the untapped â€Å"instant food† segment. Several years went by and a lot of money was spent and Maggi Noodles was born. The problems had only just begun. The biggest of them was the Indian psyche of the 80s. The conservatism which India showed in their culture boiled down to their palate also. They would rather stick to their Tandoori Chicken or Idli Sambhar than be a little more adventurous in trying a new taste. Maggi Noodles was a new taste from a new culture. It was then that Maggi Noodles became Maggi Instant Two-Minute Noodles. The whole point was to position Maggi as platform of convenience and soul food for the a fast growing section of the Indian population – the working women. Heavy promotion was done on the same lines. But even this did not work. Sales were good but not as good as they wanted it to be. A research was carried out which revealed that the largest consumers of the brand were not the working women but young children in the Indian households. Realizing this, Nestle repositioned their brand using new promotional strategies and smart advertising. Marketing teams were sent out to schools to distribute free Maggi samples to take home. The kids would inevitably take their Maggi packets home and ask their mothers to prepare it for lunch or as a snack. The mothers would find that it took them only two minutes to make a proper hot meal for their children who would love it. They would refer it to their neighbors who would pass it on to distant bachelor cousins who lived alone and had to cook for themselves. Thus, the hugely successful viral campaign ensured that Maggi created a distinct affection in the hearts of its consumers unlike any other proprietary food of its time. But the story was far from over. In 1997, Nissin – the inventor of instant noodles – launched its flagship brand Top Ramen in the Indian market with Shah Rukh Khan – fresh from the success of super hits like Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge – endorsing the brand. It was then that Maggi took its first false step – it changed its taste to align itself with that of Top Ramen’s. The results were disastrous. A generation which had grown up on Maggi could not accept the new taste and would rather give Top Ramen a try. Nestle was fast losing ground to Nissin. It took them two years to work out a new strategy – accept the consumer’s verdict and get back to the basics. In 1999, Maggi relaunched itself with its original taste. It paid off handsomely and the faithfuls returned to their master. Top Ramen could no longer sustain the growth it built up in the two years. The next big hurdle came in 2004. The SARS epidemic of 2003 in South East Asia had led to widespread concerns regarding personal hygiene and health. Mothers were now more concerned regarding what their children were eating and maida in general was always considered to be low on the health aspect. In 2005 Maggi launched Atta Noodles with the tagline â€Å"Taste bhi, health bhi. † Although the advertisements showed Atta Noodles replacing the rotis and chapatis, this was never Maggi’s intention. It knew that thinking about that objective was a far cry and the main purpose was to convince mothers that their children was eating the right thing. In this sense, it scored over the Licia and Bambino semolina-based Macaroni products, which, though being an healthier alternative to Maggi, always tried to position themselves as a substitute for wheat based items of daily consumption. Within 10 months, Maggi Atta Noodles was declared a success and now they are foraying further with the â€Å"Taste bhi, Health bhi† campaign with products such as Multi-Grain Noodles. The above examples show that Maggi as a brand knows the customer and is willing to learn from its mistakes. It knows that its USP is convenience to ake and good to eat and it sticks to that without pushing the envelope further in its campaigns. It has also leveraged its success to other food products – the most notable of which is the Maggi ketchup which has garnered a market leader position of about 45% largely thanks to the Maggi brand and its positioning as a â€Å"Different† product ( Remember the tagline – Its different! ). The savior of many students (and especially the ones staying in hostels), there is little doubt as to why many regard Maggi as the greatest invention since the wheel.

Emotions Paper

The connection between motivation and emotions can be seen in everyday life. To show the connection this paper will discuss two of the historical theories of emotion and arousal as they relate to human motivation. Then it will analyze two research methods used for uncovering basic emotions. Finally it will cover the facial feedback hypothesis, particularly the event-appraisal-emotion sequence. James-Lange Theory There have been numerous theories on emotions and arousal. The James-Lange theory is one of the earliest theories of emotion (Goodwin,2008).William James was considered America's first psychologist. James was captivated with understanding the functions of consciousness. Carl Lange was a psychologist and physician in Denmark. Even though his work is directly linked to James, his deconstruction of emotions has made his work a precursor to the theories of emotion (Wassmann, 2010). He is not as popular as James but was an important contributor to the James-Lange theory. The theor y discusses how emotions are directly affected by the physiological arousal of the body in reaction to an exciting stimulus (Deckers, 2010).According to the James-Lange theory one will feel emotions in a specific sequence. The theory's sequence is emotional stimulus followed by physiological response leading to an affective experience (Deckers, 2010). For example, if a person is involved in a car accident he or she will feel the physiological responses of the body. One may experience heart pounding, hands shaking, or jaw tightening. These responses bring forth emotions like fear, panic, anger, or anxiety. Therefore the physiological arousal is what determines the emotions (Deckers, 2010). Cognitive Arousal TheoryThe cognitive arousal theory takes emotions to next level by focusing on the interaction between arousal and cognition (Deckers, 2010). According to this theory when a person experiences a situation, he or she will interpret the physiological arousal, and will extract inform ation needed to have an affective experience (Deckers, 2010). Within this theory there are two dimensions of emotions, they are quality and intensity. Quality is a person's interpretation of the experience where as the intensity of the experience depends on the degree of the arousal.For example when experiencing a car accident, one will focus in on the actual occurrence of the accident, and then based on the severity, the person will analyze and respond effectively. So according to the cognitive arousal theory the intensity of the emotional experience will be dictated by physiological arousal and will directly affect how a person feels (Deckers, 2010). Facial Feedback According to Buck (1980), facial feedback hypothesis states that the facial expressions of a person provides a necessary requirement for a person’s emotional experience or behavior to affected (page 812).A person’s facial feedback, or facial expressions, can change how another person will react to a parti cular event or situation. There are two versions that may play a role in the actual hypothesis itself based on specific personalities. Between-subjects version of facial feedback hypothesis implies that a lack of overt expression can be detrimental to the emotional process as a whole (Buck, 1980). The premise of this version is that if a person is nonexpressive with one emotion then that person would be nonexpressive on all other emotions and vice versa.Within-subjects version of the facial feedback hypothesis states that a person will have a higher emotional experience on other emotions if they are expressive in general (Buck, 1980). The backbone of this version is that if a person is expressive in general they may have a higher emotional experience across the board. The event-appraisal-emotion sequence has three varying assumptions in emotional events. To begin, different emotions can be produced by varying appraisals of the same event. For example, the end of a sporting event can elicit two different emotions.The winning team will feel excited, happiness, and victory while the losing team may feel disappointment, neglect, and failure. Next, similar appraisal of varying events can create similar emotions. Two people purchasing like vehicles may walk into a dealership and the first may pay $5,000 for a vehicle and the second may pay $10,000. Though there is a difference in purchase prices, both customers may walk out with feelings of success as they are satisfied with the purchase price of their vehicles because it fell within their budget.Lastly, the outcome of the appraisal process provokes automatic emotions. In many situations, a person will be unable to avoid feeling happiness or sadness. Research Methods Uncovering basic emotions can be handled with various research methods such as category analysis of emotion words and facial expressions. Category analysis of emotions words is based on the belief that certain words have been created or modified to desc ribe people’s emotional responses (Deckers, 2010).Words like love, sad, or angry have been labeled as such because people have experienced such emotions and needed the words to categorize the feelings. With category analysis, the feelings or the emotions drive the creation of emotion words and so without the emotions themselves, the words would not exist. Through this type of analysis, words were classified by emotional category based on word meaning and resulted in five basic emotion categories: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust (Deckers, 2010). Facial expression analysis states that there is a specific facial expression for each basic emotion.Furthermore, any â€Å"emotion† that does not have a distinctive facial expression should not be considered an emotion. There are six major facial expressions of emotions that are easily identifiable by people of different cultures throughout the world: happiness, surprise, sadness, fear, anger, and disgust. It is als o believed that the intensity of any emotion and the intensity of its corresponding facial expression will increase at the same rate.Conclusion References Buck, R. (1980). Nonverbal behavior and the theory of emotion: The facial feedback hypothesis. Journal Of Personality ;amp; Social Psychology, 38(5), 811-824. Deckers (2010). Motivation, Biological, psychological and environmental (3rd ed. ). Boston, MA: Allyn ;amp; Bacon. Dimberg, U. , ;amp; Soderkvist, S. (2011). The voluntary facial action technique: A method to test the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal Of Nonverbal Behavior, 35(1), 17-33. doi:10. 1007/s10919-010-0098-6. Goodwin, C. J. ((2008)). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Extensive Reading Essay

There are many experts who give the definition of reading. One of them is Aebersold and Field. They say: â€Å"†¦ , reading is what happens when people look at a text and assign meaning to the written symbols in that text, further, the text and the reader are the two physical entities necessary for the reading process to begin (1997: 15). † It means that when someone sees written symbols in a text, there will be something visualized on the reader’s mind. This process is called reading. Another expert, Williams (1999: 2) states that reading is a process whereby one looks at and understands what has been written. In line with Williams, Heilman (1961: 8) says that reading is a process of getting meaning from printed word symbols. It is not merely a process of making conventionalized noises associated with these symbols. In line with them, De Boer and Dallmann (1982: 23) say that reading is a process involving meaningful reaction to printed symbols. Wallace, in his book entitled â€Å"Reading† adds that reading is interpreting which means reacting to a written text as a piece of communication (1996: 4). These four definitions have the same point. The point is that reading is a process of getting the meaning of written text and giving reaction of it as the form of communication between the reader and the writer. Different from some experts above, Davies defines reading from the other point of view. He says that reading is a private. It is a mental or cognitive process which involves a reader in trying to follow and respond to a message from a writer, who is in distant space and time (1995: 1). It means that reading activity connects the reader and the writer although they live in different places and life in different period. Reading is a mental cognitive process, so as the result of this activity the reader is able to give responses about the text’s message. Because reading is a private activity, the process of reading and responding is not directly observable. Most events told in written texts are past experiences; either it is the writer’s experiences or the others’. The success of reading activity is depending on the reader’s ability to visualize it in order to be able to understand and interpret its meaning. Dealing with this fact, Kennedy says: Reading is ability of an individual to recognize a visual form associate the form with a sound and/or meaning acquired in the past, and on the basis of past experience, understand and interpret its meaning (1981: 5). Another expert, Grellet (1981: 7), defines reading as a constant process of guessing, and what one brings to the text is often more important than what one finds in it. It means that before the reader reads the text, he guessed the content of the text and he had already had his own concept. After he reads the text, the reader relates his own concept with the text’s message. Based on some definitions above, it can be concluded that reading is the process of bringing a concept to the text and relating it with the meaning got from the text, in which it is usually a past experience, visualizing it, understanding it, and giving responses as interpretation of this process. Kennedy (1981: 188) says that comprehension is the ability of one to find, interpret, and use ideas. Then, in Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary, comprehension is defined as a power to understand something (Hornby, 1995: 235). According to these two definitions, it can be said that comprehension is the ability to understand something through finding interpreting, and using ideas. In line with the statement above, it can be concluded that reading comprehension is the ability to get the meaning of written symbols, visualize it, and give responses as the interpretation of this process. Narrative text There are some approaches in teaching reading; one of them is genre based approach. According to Hartono (2005:4) the term â€Å"genre† is used to refer to particular text-types, not to traditional varieties of literature. It means that genre is a type or kind of text, defined in terms of its social purposes; also the level of context dealing with social purposes. Based on the communicative purpose, Pardiyono (2007:93-98) classifies the text into eleven types, they are; description, recount, narration, procedure, explanation, discussion, exposition, news item, report, anecdote, and review. However in this study, the text will be focused on the narrative text. Considering the social function, generic structure, and language features of narrative text, narrative text can be defined as a text which tells about past activities or event which concerns on the problematic experience and resolution in order to amuse and even give the moral messages to the reader. The explanation about social function, generic structure, and language features of narrative text is as follow: 1. Social function The social function of a text is quite similar with the purpose of the text. Related to narrative text, the social function is to amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or various experience in different ways. 2. Generic structure The generic structure of narrative text consits of three parts, those are orientation, complication, resolution, and sometimes completed by coda. The further explanation about these parts of narrative text is as follow: a. Orientation Orientation is the introduction of the text. It includes what is inside the text, what the text talks in general, who involves in the text, when and where it happen. b. Complication. In complication, the text talks about what happens with the participants. It explores the conflict among the participants. Complication is the main element of narrative. Without complication, the text is not narrative. The conflict can be shown as natural, social or psychological conflict. c. Resolution Resolution is the end of narrative text. This is the phase where the participants solve the problem aroused by the conflict. It is not matter whether the participants succeed or fail. The point is the conflict becomes ended. 3. Language features According to Hartono (2005:7), the language features used in narrative  text are: a. Focus on specific participants b. Use of past tense c. Use of temporal conjunction d. Use of material (or action) processes Video as Media in Teaching 1. Media a. The Definition of Media Etymologically, the word â€Å"media† comes from Latin language â€Å"medius†. Literally, it means mediator or companion. Media is the messages mediator or companion from the sender to the receiver (Arsyad, 2005:3) Association for education and communication technology (AECT) in Sadiman (2002:6) defines media as all forms and lines which are used by people to convey information. According to Gagne, media is many kinds of components in students’ environment that can stimulate them to study (Sadiman dkk, 2002:6). Based on those definitions above, it can be concluded that media are all things that can be used to deliver the message from sender to receiver so it can stimulate the mind, feeling, attention, and students’ interest in order to attain the teaching and learning process. b. Kinds of Media Media can be classified into three categories: visual, audio, and audio visual. (http://edu-articles. com) 1) Visual media. There are two kinds of visual media; those are unprojected media and projected media. a) Unprojected media Unprojected media can be divided into: (1) Realia or real thing. The object must not be presented in class, but students should be able to see and observe them. For example the students observe the ecosystem, plant, the diversity of living thing, et cetera. This media is able to give real experiences to the students. (2) Model. Model is the imitation of real thing presented in three dimension form as substitution of the real thing. This media helps the teacher to present the object that cannot be brought into the class, for example digestion system, respiration system, excretion system, et cetera. (3) Graphic. The functions of graphic are to catch the students’ attention, clarify the lesson, and illustrate the fact or forgettable concept. There are many kinds of graphic, such as picture, sketch, scheme, chart, and graph. b) Projected media There are two types of projected media: (1) Transparency of OHP. This is stated as the real media because the teacher must not change the lay out of the class and still able to face the students. Transparency media includes software (OHT) and hardware (OHP). (2) Bordered film or slide. This is a transparent film that usually has measurement of 35mms and border 2Ãâ€"2 inches. The use of this media is the same as OHP, but the visualization of this media is better than OHP. 2) Audio media There are two kinds of audio media that are commonly used: a) Radio. Radio is electronic tool that can be used to listen to the news, new important events, life problems, et cetera. b) Audio cassette. This tool is cheaper than the other because the supplying and the treatment cost are relatively cheap. 3) Audio visual media There are many kinds of audio visual tool: a) Video. This is one kind of audio visual media, besides film. In learning process, this tool is usually presented in the form of VCD. b) Computer. This tool has all the benefit of the other media. Computer is able to show text, picture, sound and picture, and can also be used interactively. Even, computer can be connected to internet to browse the unlimited learning sources. c. The Characteristics of Education Media Gerlach and Ely in Arsyad (2005: 12-14) propose three characteristics of education media; those are fixative property, manipulative property, and distributive property. 1) Fixative property This characteristic explains the ability of media to record, save, continue, and reconstruct an event or object. The event or object can be put in the right order and rearranged using media such as photograph, video tape, audio tape, computer disc, and film. By this characteristic, an event that just  once in a life time can be perpetuated and rearranged for education 2) Manipulative property This characteristic enables an event to be transformed, so the event that needs long time can be shorted in order to be showed in class, for example the process of metamorphosis, the record of motion in sport class, the plant treatment, et cetera. 3) Distributive property This kind of characteristics enables an object or event to be transported through space and be served together in a number of students, in which each other get the same experiences. Once information was recorded, it can be reproduced for many times and be together in many different places. d. The Importance of Media in Teaching The importance of media can be seen from its roles and functions in education. As stated by Prawiradilaga and Siregar, media have two main roles, those are: media as AVA (audio visual aids) so it can give the students concrete experiences and media as communication so it can connect the students as receivers with the material in order that it can be received well (2004: 6). In the next pages, Prawiradilaga and Siregar (2004:8-13) explain the detail functions of media are: 1) Give the knowledge about the learning goals 2) Motivate the students 3) Present the information 4) Stimulate the discussion 5) Lead the students’ activities 6) Do the exercises and quizzes 7) Strength the learning process 8) Give the simulation experiences Meanwhile, Encyclopedia of Educational Research in Arsyad (2005: 25) elaborates the functions of media in teaching as follow: 1) Put on the concrete basics to think, so it decreases the verbalism 2) Improve the students’ attention. 3) Put on the important basics for the development of study, so it makes the lesson more steady 4) Give real experiences for the students so they can effort by them self 5) Emerge the regular and continued thinking, especially about life pictures 6) Help the emerge of understanding that can help the students’ language development 7) Give experiences that cannot be achieved by the other way and give the efficiency and variety in the way of study Besides, Nugraha adds the importance of media (http://yudinugraha. co. cc ), such as: 1) The presentation of the material becomes more standard. 2) The arrangement of the media that is structured and planned well helps the teacher teaches in the same quality and quantity for all classes. 3) The learning process is more interesting and interacting. 4) The students are more active. 5) It is efficient in using time. 6) The learning quality of the students can be improved. 7) Et cetera. e. The Ways in Choosing Media in Teaching Sudirman (1991) in Nugraha (http://yudinugraha. co. cc ) proposes three principles of choosing media in teaching as follow: 1) The goal of choosing media. The choosing of the media that will be used should be based on the goal of its choosing. 2) The characteristic of media. Each media has its own characteristic so it should be adjusted with the material. 3) Alternative choices. Choosing media is the process of making decision and many of alternative choices. Besides the principles above, according to Aristo, the factors that should be taken into account in choosing media are (http://aristorahadi. wordpress. com): 1) Objectivity. A teacher should be objective. It means that a teacher cannot choose the media based own his own. 2) Learning program. The media that will be used should be suited with the level of the students. 3) Technical quality. Technically, the media used should be checked whether it is filling the requirement or not. 4) The effectiveness. Are the media can help the students achieve the learning goal? 5) Time. How long time is needed to prepare and present this media? 6) Cost. The cost that should be paid to present this media must be adjusted with the budget. 7) Availability. The easiness of finding this media should be considered too. If the media we look for are not available, we can substitute it with other media that are suitable. 2. Narrative Video a. The Definition of Narrative Video Video is one of media used to convey the learning’s message. In Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, video is defined as type of magnetic tape used for recording moving pictures and sound (1995: 1327). It means that video has two elements, those are audio and visual. The audio enables the students to receive the message using their hearing and the visual enables the students to receive the message using their eyesight. According to Sadiman (2002: 76), the message presented in the video can be a fact or fictitious, can be informative, educative, or instructive. It is informative, it means that much information from many experts in this world can be recorded in video tape, so it can be received by the students everywhere they are. Video is also educative and instructive; it means that the message of the video can give concrete experiences to the students, so they can apply it in their daily life. Related to narrative, narrative can be defined based on its social function, generic structure, and language feature as a text which says the past activities or event which concerns on the problematic experience and resolution in order to amuse and even give the moral messages to the reader. Considering the definition above, narrative video can be describe as a certain kind of magnetic tape used for recording moving pictures and sound about past activities or event which concerns on the problematic experience and resolution in order to amuse and even give the moral messages to the reader. b. The Benefit of Using Narrative Video in Teaching Generally, the benefit of using narrative video in teaching is quite the same as the benefit of using other videos in teaching. According to Sadiman dkk, (2002:76-77) video has some benefits, those are: 1) It can catch the students’ attention easily. 2) Much information from many experts in this world can be recorded in video tape, so it can be received by the students everywhere they are. 3) The difficult demonstration can be prepared before, so the teacher is able to concern on his presentation. 4) It is more efficient in using time. 5) It can present dangerous object that cannot be brought into the class. 6) The volume can be adjusted. 7) The picture can be frozen so it can be inserted the teacher’s comment. 8) The light of the room does not need to be turn off. c. The Purposes of the Use of Narrative Video in Teaching Anderson (1994: 104-105) proposes some purposes of the use of video in teaching. These purposes are divided into three aspect, for cognitive aspect, for psychomotor aspect, and for affective aspect. These purposes are the same with the purposes of narrative video in teaching, those are: 1) For cognitive aspect a) Develop the recall and motion skill. For example, the observation about relative speed and a moving object. b) Able to show a series of motionless pictures, without sound, as photo or bordered film c) Able to give knowledge about certain laws and principles d) Able to show the right way in having attitude in a performance, especially about the students’ interaction 2) For psychomotor aspect a) Able to show the skill about motion well because it can speed up or down so the motion can be observed clearly. b) The students get the feedback directly and visually about a motion so they can repair their motion well. 3) For affective aspect Video can be a good media to influence the attitude and emotion. For example, play a short story that is suitable with the topic. BIBLIOGRAPHY Aebersold, Jo ann and Mary Lee Field. 1997. From Reader to Reading Teacher. USA: Cambridge University Press Anderson, Ronald. 1987. Pemilihan dan Pengembangan Media dalam Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Rajawali Press Arsyad, Azhar. 2005. Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada Brown, H. Douglas. 1994. Priciples of Language Learning and Teaching. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Burns, Anne. 1999. Collaborative Action Research for English Language Teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press. Dallman, Martha, Roger L.R. , Lynette Y. C. C. , John J. D. 1982. Reading . New York: CBS College Publishing Davies, Florence. 1995. Introducing Reading. England: Penguin Book Elliot, et al†¦ 1999. Educational Psychology: Effective Teaching, Effective Learning. Boston: Mc GrawHill. Grellet, Francoise. 1981. Developing Reading Skills: A Practical guide to Reading Comprehension Exercises. New York: Cambridge University Press Furchan, Arief. 1982. Pengantar Penelitian dalam Pendidikan. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional. Harmer, Jeremy. 1998. How To Teach English. Harlow: Longman Hartono, Rudi. 2005. Genre of Texts. Semarang: Semarang State University Heilman, Arthur W. 1961. Principles and Practices of Teaching Reading. Columbus: Charles E Merrill Books Inc. Hopkins, David. 1985. A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research. Philadelphia: Open University Press. Hornby, A. S. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press Kartono, Kartini. 1983. Pengantar Metodologi Riset Sosial. Bandung: Penerbit Mandar Maju. Kennedy, Eddie C. 1981. Methods of Teaching Developmental Reading. USA: FE Peackock Publisher Inc. Nugraha, Yudi. _____. Media Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan. Available at http://yudinugraha. co. cc Nunan, David. 1992. Research Method in Language Teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. Prawiradilaga, Dewi Salma dan Eveline Siregar. 2004. Mozaik Technology Pendidikan. Jakarta: Prenada Media Rahadi, Aristo. 2008. Bagaimana Memilih Media Pembelajaran. Available at http://aristorahadi. wordpress. com Sadiman, Arif S. Dkk. 2002. Media Pendidikan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Perkasa Wallace, Catherine. 1996. Reading. New york: Oxford University Press Williams, Eddie. 1999. Reading in the Language Classroom. London: Pheonix FLT Zainul, Asmawi and Noehl Nasoetion. 1997. Program Pengembangan Keterampilan Teknik Intruksional (pekerti) Untuk Dosen Muda. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka Jakarta Press. Zuber, Ortrun and Skerritt. 1996. New Directions in Action Research. London: Falmer Press. www. smanbanyumas. sch. id www. youtube. com IMPROVING STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION ON NARRATIVE TEXT USING NARRATIVE VIDEO (An Action Research at Tenth Grader of SMA Negeri Banyumas in Academic Year of 2010/2011) PRI WAHYUDI HERMAWAN K2208043 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY 2010.

How Does Spielberg create fear and humour within ‘Jaws’?

The film â€Å"Jaws† was made in 1975 and was the film that brought the director Steven Spielberg his first major success. The film, with Spielberg as director, won three academy awards for editing, sound and original source. Spielberg, as a result of the film, became one of America's youngest multi millionaires. Spielberg was given $7,000,000 to spend as the films budget. This may not seem a large sum of money compared to the sort of money that is spent on films nowadays but, it was a very large sum of money to spend on a film in those days. The film received mostly positive reviews, there was the odd bad review, which was critical of Jaws not being able to make the audience feel sorry for the victims. The film is based on Peter Benchley's best selling novel, in which Jaws centres around the fictional North Atlantic resort island of Amity. A gigantic great white shark terrorizes the island. There are two killings at the beginning of the film, which brings in Matt Hooper, played by Richard Dreyfuss, an ichthyologist and oceanographer that is taken to Amity to help, using his expertise. Later on in the film, Amity's most respected and most feared shark hunter, the enigmatic, vaguely malicious Quint teams up with Matt Hooper and the chief of the Amity Police Department, Brody, to find and kill the enormous shark and save the town from financial disaster. Jaws has one of the best anti-heroes movies have ever seen, Quint played by Robert Shaw is humorous and is frightening all at once. His soliloquy in which he tells the others about the tragic sinking of the USS Indianapolis is a most chilling and unforgettable performance. As well as analysing the storyline and plot, many other aspects of the film should be analysed such as: digetic and non-digetic sound, camera angles and their effects and the use of props and setting. It would be impossible to analyse the entire film in such depth without producing an epic piece of writing, therefore for the purpose of this essay an indepth analysis of the second attack will be used to show how fear and humour are used. John William's had to make the music scary as the shark is not seen at the beginning therefore it needs the music to build suspense. It is instantly recognisable and almost as famous as the music from Physco. One of the reasons the music had to create the idea of the shark effectively was because, obviously Spielberg could not use a real shark. There was a mechanical model of a shark built (it was nicknamed â€Å"Bruce†). It created many problems. â€Å"Bruce† was made of polyurethane, was 24ft long and weighed 11/2 tons. On â€Å"Bruce's† first test, he sank, and on his second, he exploded. An inspection of the shark revealed that the shark was cross-eyed and its jaws would not shut. These problems compelled Spielberg to be more inventive and to hide the shark for as long as he could throughout the movie. The Stravinskian rhythms of John Williams's remarkable score created the idea of a menacing underwater killer. The fear that William's created meant that the horror of the Shark is left to the audience's imagination which is far scarier than anything the most creative special effects department could create. In the second attack, the camera is placed in front of Brody and characters walk in front of the camera, we get an interrupted view of the sea, like Brody does and this creates tension. There is an over the shoulder shot of a girl screaming, this prepares the audience for the attack. There is also digetic sound, such as splashing and the sound of laughter helps to build atmosphere of calm and fun. The close up of the people in the sea and screams build up the tension. The dog owner shouting his dog lets the audience know the shark is around. When we see the stick floating in the sea, that the owner of the dog has thrown, it is confirmed that the dog has been attacked, this builds the fear and tension for the audience as we know the little boy on the lilo is still out at sea. The non-digetic sound is the music and its effect is that we know the music represents the shark, we don't have to see it. The underwater shot also represents the shark with the views of children's legs which creates fear without seeing the shark itself. The climax of the music lets you know the attack will happen. The zoom in on Brody further heightens the fear. The victims are coded, Dog owner wears yellow, boy goes out to sea on yellow lilo and his mother wears a yellow hat. The police chief's nervousness and refusal to go near the water is first seen in comic terms by the islanders, but is gradually vindicated by a slow slippage of menacing imagery- a disappearing dog, an anxious mother and a sudden, gushing fountain of red that signals a fatal attack. This contrast between tension and humour creates a wave-like rollercoaster of emotion for the audience which has the effect of increasing the tension. Overall the film creates a rollercoaster effect, with the humour in the film given the audience a short respite in the tension. Which later further heightens the more tense movements and the attack. This is all done very cleverly because the use of non-digetic sound and shark view camera angles create tension and fear without actually seeing the shark and without seeing the attacks.

A Criminal Group The American Mafia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Criminal Group The American Mafia - Essay Example Peace can be described as the occurrence of harmony, which is characterized by the absence of conflict behaviors, violence as well as the freedom resulting from fear of war or other kinds of violence. In other words, peace indicates the attempts made at reconciling warring parties and other international relationship. Currently, world peace has become an important agenda across various global forums, with countries striving towards fighting off terrorism and other activities that are claiming peoples live in huge numbers. Terrorism has been the major cause of underdevelopment in many countries that have been deeply affected by it. People fear to walk and undertake their diverse social, political and economic activities because of fear of attacks by terrorists, who often target mass destructions of property and lives of people. Across the world, various examples of damages caused by terrorists’ activities exist; with the issue become a matter of priority among governments of the world. Following this universal concern, this paper presents a case study of one of the renowned criminal groups in the United States. It examines some of the efforts being made by the government to ensure peace and security in the country. For a very long time, American police and other security agents have been struggling with some organized criminal gangs, which have been terrorizing people and causing various kinds of harm to people. Many incidents have been reported about various kinds of injuries and even death, which has been done on innocent people by these criminal gangs. In the past, the country has been forced to create new policies and other regulations in the process of strengthening their security systems for all people. The criminal gangs have not been widespread in the United States, but they have concentrated in some of the states, where they are believed to have started their criminal activities.

Research about coca cola in the states Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

About coca cola in the states - Research Paper Example I also seek to works with a firm that has respect for its employees and that provides channels for career growth. In a modern world, sustainability is extremely crucial and all firms need to be not only sensitive to sustainability issues but also have a solid plan to manage sustainability. As I seek for a firm in which to work, I hope to work with a firm that has a well developed sustainability plan. To get the most credible information, the study will begin by surfing the company’s website with the intention of looking for the way the firm looks at the various issues that have been indicated above. The study will seek to look at the company’s website and thus look at the various pieces of information provided by the firm. This will be with regarded to the following issues; This will provide an insight of the way in which Coca Cola looks at its human resource and whether it provides for growth channels for its employees’ careers. This will enable me to understand whether the firm will give me the kind of career growth that I am looking for. Once this information is gotten from the website, it will then be reinforced or criticized with information from other professional websites to look at the validity and objectivity of this information. This will also provide valuable information about the firm with regard to how it looks at the issues at hand. Step three will be to look at how various scholars have regarded the firms, especially from a critical point of view. This will aid in getting a better picture of the firm’s operations and also from a historic point of view. Coca Cola is one of the most globalized firms in the world. Unlike most companies that claim to be globalized despite the fact that they have not yet reached every corner of the habited planet, Coca Cola operates in all parts of the globe, even the

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Industry Analysis - Application to the Oil Industry - Case Study Example Suppliers play an imperative role in the success of any business. As such, a supplier may affect the profitability of a company either positively, by boosting it or negatively, by reducing it. This is what forms the power of suppliers. A supplier has powers to determine the profitability of a company, and in the case of the oil industry, the suppliers of BP can either assist it to become more prosperous and productive or to lose their market and make losses. This stems from the fact that suppliers agree to supply their products to the company at a certain given market price. If they increase the price at which they sell their products to the company, this will reduce the profit margin of BP, and the lack of alternative suppliers, as well as the strong power of the suppliers will bring the profitability of the company down. On the other hand, these suppliers can equally boost the profitability of the company by supplying it with product at a low cost, thereby increasing the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s profit margin and hence boost its profit levels. As such, it is imperative for BP to make the right choices of suppliers in order to secure a significant profit margin. BP sells its products to a wide range of customers. These people bring profit to it by purchasing its petroleum products. Its major customers include airline companies, governments, as well as ordinary motorists and companies. The bargaining power of these buyers is not as strong enough as to influence the selling price as set by BP. BP has sales points in many regions across the world, bearing the fact that it is a global multinational, and it has control over its buyers in almost all of its markets. It is only in some minor occasions where the governments within the markets in which it operates step in to regulate the fuel prices in the country generally, thereby also setting the price limits for the petroleum products sold by BP. However, this only strengthens the bargaining power of these customers to a considerable level, not strong enough to affect the profitability of the company

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Personal Safety in Kensington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Safety in Kensington - Essay Example As such fear of being a victim of a less serious crime has significantly contributed to behaviour change in residents of Kingston. 2,2 The Crime and Disorder Act of 1988 and The Police Reform Act of 2002 vested power and responsibility within the police force to work hand in hand with other agencies in a bid to develop a three year strategy that was meant to promote safety in the communities (Home Office, 2004). The need to monitor levels of public concern was also increased after the introduction of the Licensing Act 2003, Anti Social Behaviour Act 2004 and Government Strategy for reduction of Harm 2004. An emphasis on the need to strengthen the monitoring challenges arising for new anti social behaviour is found in A New Partnership 2008 -2011 (Home Office, 2008) in conjunction with the studies that were suggested by Kingston police as well as community members. 2.3 The Police and Justice Act 2006 resulted in the amendment of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 prioritises the aspect o f partnerships where a Strategy Group with a certain level of membership is responsible for undertaking strategic assessments on a yearly basis. The issues of concern which are identified through this strategic assessment are put forward in a three year Strategic Plan. The Partnership Plan is comprised of the following aspects: crime and disorder reduction strategy, dealing with unwanted elements of misuse are some of the elements earmarked to be covered by the Partnership Plan over the period of three years. Thus, according to the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames Partnership plan 2008/11, there are six areas which are given prominence and these include the following: misuse of alcohol, misuse of drugs, unbecoming behaviour, violence against others, domestic violence, crime related to hate as well as crime committed by youths. 2.4 The use of CCTV across the United Kingdom has been adopted as a strategy to fight crime since these are used to monitor the events obtaining on the g round. Thus, in May 1998, Kensington introduced a centralised CCTV from a controlled center and this system has been extended to the other communities in the neighbourhood and the cameras are used to cover the shopping centers as well as railway stations (Lazell, 2009). 2.5 Since 1998 when the first Kingston Thames Crime audit was unveiled, this objective was attained through constant surveillance of the town center as well as district offices. The study links with surveillance programmes and it looks at the changes in the perceptions of the people about their concerns for safety in Kingston in 2012 February. Target population and survey design 3.1 A study about personal safety in Kensington was conducted on 17 February 2012 and 24 February 2012 by the Kingston University’s Students from the School of Social sciences (Herrick, 2012). Just like in previous years, quota samples were drawn on the basis of people who are more vulnerable to attacks such as the elderly, cyclists, p re-schoolchildren, disabled people, minority groups as well as the ordinary members of the public. The questionnaires were used to measure levels of concern of safety by individuals compared to recorded cases of victimisation. The victims of crime were also asked to

What impact does migration have on European politics Essay

What impact does migration have on European politics - Essay Example People have migrated to Europe because of the numerous opportunities that are in Europe as compared to other parts of the world. One of the reasons why migration has been common in Europe is because of many job opportunities that are there. Education prospects have also contributed to this migration (Castles 2006, p.745). People have also moved to Europe in order to run away from war and conflict situations in their home countries. There is a common perception that Europe is more peaceful than other continents. The improvement of the economic policy of Europe has also contributed to the movement of people to European cities. More than 32.5 million people within the European Union (EU) are non-citizens (Cesarani and Fulbrook 1996, p.63). The political participation is debatable along context of awards for voting rights within the European countries. This is due to the changes that have resulted in changes of European societies. The political system in Europe allows the flexibility in exercise of political rights, laws and regulations. As a result, the migrants can be incorporated into the translational forms of political participation like the lector politics and other civic engagements (Geddes 1999, p. 12). Effects of migration on European politics Recently, the interest in migrant political transnationalism has increased. Precisely political participation of the immigrants encompasses distribution of resources between members of a political community and acts as an instrument for obtaining other goods and resources. The political participation of immigrants was more than just the need for resources, but acted as a goal of conventional democracy towards seeking the influence from other parties (Geddes 2003, p.251). Migration in Europe triggered the immigrant to participate in parliamentary and advisory committees. The migrant self-society and civil society institutions facilitated political participation of the immigrants. Such initiatives include religious gro ups, non-governmental organizations and political initiatives. This gave a chance for immigrants to participate in various political dimensions based on the diversity and country they migrated to. More than 32.5 million people within the European Union (EU) are non-citizens. Political and civic participation of immigrants is a key area on the integration of migrants into the European societies. This is accompanied by practices and measures that enhance participation and empowerment of immigrants to enables them exercise their duties and rights in the promotion of values and accountability. This may be constrained by human and social factors due insufficient resources such as finance and time (Cesarani and Fulbrook 1996, p.63). The immigrants participated in procedures and structures of the political systems in Europe. This includes voting, joining a political party of choice, standing for an office or participating in petitioning bodies and political demonstrations. This raises conc erns on societal and political relevance in relation to national development. A decision to migrate begins with the decision by the immigrant to move. Immigration to Europe resulted from the need to escape oppression, natural disasters and poverty by people from developing countries. Some of the countries within the European regions experienced dramatic growths due to immigration after the Second World War (Freeman 1995, p.887). Most of the nations in Europe still contain significant populations of immigrants. In most contexts, immigrants have expressed the interest of participating in parliamentary systems for the countries at hand. This is confirmed by the increased number of civil societies. The situation of modern Diaspora and transfer of political issues in